大型彎曲彩鋼板屋面鋼結構工程機械施工(gong)工(gong)藝流程及(ji)操作要點(dian)
1、工藝(yi)流(liu)程
建立拱(gong)(gong)形屋面測(ce)量控(kong)制網及測(ce)量控(kong)制 → 主拱(gong)(gong)支撐架(jia)體設計→ 主拱(gong)(gong)吊(diao)裝及拱(gong)(gong)形屋面安(an)裝 → 卸(xie)荷
2、操作要點
大跨度鋼(gang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁拱(gong)拱(gong)形屋(wu)面(mian)安裝(zhuang)同時(shi)涉及分(fen)段及吊機的(de)選擇、施工測量定位、支撐架體(ti)的(de)設臵、鋼(gang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁拱(gong)的(de)吊裝(zhuang)及拱(gong)形屋(wu)面(mian)安裝(zhuang)、卸荷(he)等(deng)多種拱(gong)形屋(wu)面(mian)施工工藝，而鋼(gang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)梁拱(gong)的(de)吊裝(zhuang)及拱(gong)形屋(wu)面(mian)安裝(zhuang)是整個施工過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)關鍵。
2.1、建立測量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)網及測量(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)
1.GPS點的(de)(de)交接(jie)及復核
根(gen)據GPS點的(de)(de)成果(guo)，制定(ding)點位精度的(de)(de)復查(cha)，具體測量步驟(zou)：根(gen)據GPS點的(de)(de)布(bu)局，在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)域邊布(bu)設(she)二級(ji)控制網，按閉合導線(xian)的(de)(de)觀測方法，計(ji)算出導線(xian)精度，再根(gen)據計(ji)算出的(de)(de)點位精度，如果(guo)GPS點的(de)(de)成果(guo)符合施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要(yao)求即(ji)可使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，反之要(yao)對導線(xian)實行平差后(hou)才可使(shi)用(yong)(yong);對水準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)點的(de)(de)復查(cha)，采用(yong)(yong)國家二級(ji)水準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)要(yao)求進(jin)行復查(cha)，在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)區(qu)域內按施(shi)工(gong)(gong)需要(yao)布(bu)設(she)若干(gan)固定(ding)的(de)(de)水準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)基準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)點，對布(bu)設(she)的(de)(de)水準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)點實行聯測。
建立施(shi)工(gong)(gong)控制網(有軸線(xian)控制樁(zhuang))，形成統一布(bu)局
2.2、施工(gong)中的測量(liang)控制
1.主拱(gong)跨(kua)度大，對于四個主拱(gong)與地面接(jie)(jie)觸點(dian)的(de)控制精度要求(qiu)相對高，在二(er)級導線的(de)基礎(chu)上用極(ji)坐標(biao)法放樣出四個接(jie)(jie)觸點(dian)，建立一(yi)矩形(xing)導線閉合(he)環(huan)，用距離、角度復核精度;
2.主拱(gong)為斜平面主拱(gong)，在測(ce)量控制上采(cai)用直角相交觀測(ce)法;
3.主拱采用(yong)分段(duan)拱形屋面安裝，在(zai)二級控制基礎上布臵(ge)方格(ge)網(wang)，對桁(heng)架(jia)節點進行控制
4.高程(cheng)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)
依據(ju)現場(chang)的已(yi)知水準(zhun)點，在施工場(chang)區內測(ce)(ce)(ce)設水準(zhun)基(ji)準(zhun)點，水準(zhun)點的密度應為100m左右(you)一個，水準(zhun)路線構成附和路線，以便校核，觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)精(jing)度要滿(man)足(zu)四等水準(zhun)的要求，閉合差(cha)要小于(yu)(L為線路長，以千米計;n為測(ce)(ce)(ce)站數。)
5.變形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)
在(zai)確(que)認(ren)(ren)施工拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)安裝準確(que)后，以拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)安裝監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)所(suo)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)定(ding)的每個標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)點(dian)的實際坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)和(he)高(gao)程(cheng)作為(wei)基準值。以后每隔2周按拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)安裝監(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)時用同精度的觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)方法(fa)對標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)點(dian)進行(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)，計算出坐(zuo)標(biao)(biao)和(he)高(gao)程(cheng)與(yu)基準值進行(xing)比(bi)較，從(cong)而(er)確(que)認(ren)(ren)鋼架頂部的變形(xing)情況。直(zhi)至建(jian)筑物封頂看(kan)不見標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)點(dian)后，變形(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)結(jie)束(shu)。
2.3 、主拱(gong)支(zhi)撐架體(ti)設(she)計
1.根據鋼(gang)無梁拱(gong)結構體系(xi)分折(zhe)，并結合設(she)計(ji)結構的(de)節點詳(xiang)圖，首先拱(gong)形(xing)(xing)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)安裝(zhuang)周邊的(de)鋼(gang)柱(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)鋼(gang)柱(zhu)(zhu)間(jian)(jian)的(de)連梁，然后(hou)拱(gong)形(xing)(xing)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)安裝(zhuang)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)拱(gong)和屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)梁，在(zai)主拱(gong)未能形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)三角形(xing)(xing)桁架之(zhi)前(qian)，整個屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)結構的(de)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)部分荷載全由中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)拱(gong)來支(zhi)撐(cheng)，所以首先在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)拱(gong)下方設(she)臵支(zhi)撐(cheng)，并根據混凝土柱(zhu)(zhu)網間(jian)(jian)距(ju)在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)拱(gong)下方每個混凝土柱(zhu)(zhu)柱(zhu)(zhu)頂設(she)臵承重支(zhi)撐(cheng)架。
主(zhu)拱(gong)(gong)為主(zhu)要受力桿(gan)件及結構(gou)體系的主(zhu)支(zhi)撐構(gou)件，在(zai)(zai)分(fen)段吊裝時自重必(bi)須(xu)外加支(zhi)撐體系來完成(cheng)，所(suo)以在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)拱(gong)(gong)的投影弧(hu)線上同(tong)樣根(gen)據混(hun)凝土結構(gou)梁、柱位(wei)臵(ge)(ge)、間距等設臵(ge)(ge)底部承重支(zhi)撐。其(qi)位(wei)臵(ge)(ge)盡量選在(zai)(zai)每(mei)兩橫軸(zhou)(zhou)中間附(fu)近，即在(zai)(zai)各(ge)撐桿(gan)與斜主(zhu)拱(gong)(gong)相交點附(fu)近，主(zhu)拱(gong)(gong)下各(ge)支(zhi)承架設臵(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)每(mei)兩軸(zhou)(zhou)中間，既能(neng)符合斜主(zhu)拱(gong)(gong)承重定位(wei)拼裝要求，也(ye)滿足各(ge)撐桿(gan)的拱(gong)(gong)形屋面安裝施(shi)工。
每個支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架搭設(she)前，需首先拱形(xing)屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)安裝完畢(bi)該跨的(de)(de)屋(wu)(wu)梁(liang)，并將(jiang)該處支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架上部(bu)臨時采用(yong)檁條將(jiang)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架與(yu)屋(wu)(wu)梁(liang)連接固定(ding)，必要時將(jiang)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架頂端(duan)用(yong)攬繩與(yu)屋(wu)(wu)梁(liang)上的(de)(de)檁托(tuo)板(ban)拉(la)(la)牢，以(yi)確保支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架上部(bu)穩(wen)定(ding)性，同時在(zai)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架屋(wu)(wu)梁(liang)與(yu)樓面(mian)之間中(zhong)部(bu)也用(yong)攬繩與(yu)樓面(mian)錨固板(ban)拉(la)(la)牢固定(ding)，攬繩上應設(she)有手拉(la)(la)葫蘆以(yi)便(bian)于調節，并在(zai)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架下部(bu)焊上?48短鋼管，用(yong)腳手鋼管將(jiang)支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架下部(bu)連結牢固，確保支(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)架體的(de)(de)整體穩(wen)定(ding)性。
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